geeblock
  • Gee block
    • Summary
      • Problem Recognition and Solution
      • Technical Highlights
      • Impact on the Blockchain Industry
      • Ecosystem Evolution and Roadmap
      • Role of $GEE in the Network
      • Expectations for Network Value Growth
    • Market Challenge
      • Scalability Limitations
      • Fee burden
      • Lack of Real-World Applications
      • Security Concerns and Data Privacy
    • Attempts
      • Ethereum with Layer 2 Solutions
      • Solana’s High-Throughput Approach
      • Polkadot’s Interoperable Parachains
    • Gee Solution
      • Goals and Principles
      • Key Structural Properties
      • Overview of Document Structure
      • Nomenclature and System Identity
    • Page
    • Consensus mechanism
      • Background: Rethinking Consensus for Decentralized Systems
      • Gee Consensus: A Hybrid Model for Scalability and Security
      • How Gee Consensus Works
      • Ensuring Consistency and Security
      • Benefits of the Gee Consensus Engine
    • Triple-chain architecture
      • Contract Chain (C-Chain)
      • Platform Chain (P-Chain)
      • Resource Chain (X-Chain)
      • Gee L1
      • Key Advantages of Gee L1
      • Creating Gee L1
      • Compensation Model
      • Key Network Parameters
      • Delegation and Validator Weight Limitations
    • Virtual machine s1
      • What is a Virtual Machine in Blockchain?
      • Why Use a VM on Gee?
      • How Do VMs Work in Gee?
      • Types of VMs in the Gee Primary Network
      • VM Development on Gee: Key Technologies and Compatibility
    • Virtual machine s2
      • Smart Contract Platform
      • Benefits for Developers
      • Benefits for Users and Businesses
      • Expanding the Gee Ecosystem and Industry-Specific Applications
    • Bootstrapping
      • Step 1: Connecting to Seed Anchors
      • Step 2: Network and State Discovery
      • Step 3: Becoming a Validator
    • Roadmap
      • Initial Phase (2024-2025)
      • Expansion Phase (2026-2027)
      • Long-Term Vision (2028+)
    • $GEE
      • Core Utility of $GEE
      • Issuance and Distribution of $GEE
      • Incentive and Reward Structures
      • Foundation Policies on $GEE Management
      • Additional $GEE Operational Policies
      • Long-Term Vision and Sustainability
    • Expectiation for network value growth
      • Expansion of the Core Ecosystem
      • Development and Attraction of High-Value Applications
      • Expansion of Strategic Alliances and Partnerships
      • Strengthening and Supporting the Community
      • Additional Activities to Promote Sustainable Growth
      • Expectations for $GEE’s Long-Term Value Growth
    • Optimization and future growth
      • Optimization Issues
      • Future Growth Challenges
      • Strategic Initiatives for Future-Proofing and Growth
    • Disclaimers
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  1. Gee block
  2. Consensus mechanism

Background: Rethinking Consensus for Decentralized Systems

The Gee Engine serves as the foundational element of the Gee platform, powering its secure and decentralized operations through a refined consensus mechanism. At its core, decentralized systems such as blockchains require an effective consensus protocol, a process by which nodes in a network agree on a single version of data, which is critical for ensuring security and consistency across the system. Over the last five decades, the field of distributed computing has explored various consensus protocols to address this challenge, leading to the development of two primary types: classical consensus protocols and Nakamoto consensus.

Traditional Consensus Protocols

Classical protocols rely on all-to-all communication across nodes, meaning each node interacts directly with every other node to reach consensus. This structure can offer fast, low-latency decision-making and high throughput but comes with significant limitations:

Ÿ Scalability Constraints: As the number of participants increases, all-to-all communication becomes impractical, causing delays and network congestion.

Ÿ Restricted Use: Given these limitations, traditional consensus is mostly suitable for permissioned (private) systems with a limited number of stable, known participants, as it struggles with dynamic changes in membership and large-scale public deployments.

Nakamoto Consensus

Introduced by Bitcoin, the Nakamoto consensus protocol employs proof-of-work (PoW) mining combined with a longest-chain rule to ensure security and maintain the network’s integrity in a trustless, open environment. While this model has proven highly resilient and secure for public blockchains, it comes with several drawbacks:

Ÿ High Energy Consumption: PoW requires substantial computational power, resulting in significant energy use, environmental impact, and value loss.

Ÿ Slow Confirmation Times: With blocks added only periodically, users may experience delays before their transactions are confirmed, making it less suitable for high-speed applications.

Ÿ Limited Throughput: Given its reliance on sequential block creation, Nakamoto consensus cannot process transactions at the scale required by many modern applications.

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Last updated 5 months ago